Pioneers were basically modeled after Scouts, just replacing the religious aspects with political ideology. Usually Pioneers were only for ages up to 14 however. After Pioneers, you were expected to join the Young Communist organization (DISZ and later KISZ in Hungary) which was for ages 14-26.

Like the other Jucika camp comic, this one also more likely references the youth labor camps usually run by DISZ/KISZ.

The “youth camp” back in the period these were drawn likely refers to a youth labor camp (rather than a recreation camp) These were a common thing during socialism - basically high school and college students were “volunteered” to help with seasonal labor (often crop harvesting) when school was out, and sometimes with large construction projects, irrigation/drainage, etc. It was generally unpaid and more or less mandatory work, but also an opportunity to live in a camp with other young people for the summer and socialize, so most people remember them quite fondly.

Lost of photos here from that period, as an example

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Have been using Linux since Slackware in the early 90s, both for work and at home - been through a lot of distros since then.

Currently use Debian on my servers and VMs, and CachyOS (with KDE Plasma) on my main desktop. I like the bleeding edge of Arch for my desktop, and find CachyOS to be a very sensible plug and play way to get into Arch (I tried to run Arch before, and also EndeavourOS, although that was a while back and not the smoothest experience for me - things might be more mature now, but CachyOS was the one that finally reached the point for me that allowed a full switch from Windows on the desktop to Linux)

Most of my servers run virtualized on Proxmox, which itself is Debian based though. I also run pfSense as my firewall/router which is FreeBSD based.

Think of how shitty and scam filled the early internet was. Did we abandon it because of how shitty it was at first, or did we develop it and tweak it to it’s full potential?

I have been on the internet since 1992, and the internet today is by far the shittiest and most scam infested it has ever been in my time (and I doubt it was worse in the 80s)

Few things make me more depressed than thinking about the evolution of the internet, from where it started to where it is today.

I don’t doubt AI will follow a similar path, except somehow it is already starting in a much worse place than the internet ever did, and the downside potential is far greater and terrifying.

Other countries took photos of the Apollo landing sites as well, including China.

The best ones so far were taken by the Indian Chandrayaan orbiters.

Really shows how deep this conspiracy goes ! :)

Perpetual bonds are an actual thing

Funny enough, the origin of that character is 姦 - which goes all the way back to the earliest forms of Chinese writing (the bronze inscriptions) and was a pictogram of 3 women together (see here), which represented “evil, treacherous, scheming, traitor, adulterer” and similar. 奸 was a later variant form with same meaning (the 干 was added as a phonetic component, and 3 女 were reduced to just 1), which was later adopted as the simplified form of traditional 姦.

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You can keep a short position for a long time, as long as you can maintain margin, which gets bigger if the stock price continues increasing, and pay margin interest - there is no set date when the short has to he closed, it’s indefinite. Sometimes the lender who loaned you the stock can ask for it back, and if you can’t locate any more shares to borrow to replace the returned shares, you might be forced to buy the shares back and close the short, but this is not common, at least during normal market conditions.

This is only partially true. Very early on, this was the case - Chinese characters started as pictograms representing objects and concepts. But this was fairly limiting in how much complexity you could capture without creating an unmanageably large set of unique pictograms. So the system evolved to use compound characters (characters made up of 2 or more components) incorporating phonetic (i.e. pronunciation) information into the writing system.

Most Chinese characters used in past 2000 years are made up of parts related to their meaning or category of meaning, and parts related to the pronunciation of the spoken word they represent (at least at some point in time, typically in Old Chinese) - these are called phono-semantic compound characters. The first comprehensive dictionary of Chinese characters that was created almost 2000 years ago already classified over 80% of all characters as phono-semantic compounds. This percentage also went up over time in later dictionaries as new compound characters were still being added.

As an example the character for book (書) - is made up of 2 parts, the semantic part is 聿 (brush - in its original form a literal picture of a hand holding a brush) on top (so the word is related to writing or painting), and 者 on the bottom (the meaning of 者 is not important here (it was a picture of a mouth eating sugarcane originally, but lost this meaning long time ago), but 者 in Old Chinese was pronounced similar to the Old Chinese spoken word for book, so it serves a purely phonetic function here)

When Chinese writing was adopted in Japan, it wasn’t really used to write Japanese - it was used to write Classical Chinese. Literate people would translate from Japanese to Chinese (which they would have been fluent in) and write it down in Classical Chinese grammar and vocabulary, not spoken Japanese grammar. They could also read it back and translate on the fly into spoken Japanese for Japanese speaking audience. They also brought in the Chinese pronunciation of the Characters into Japanese (in fact several different versions of this over time - see Go-on, Kan-on, etc.) so the phonetic hints in the characters were still useful when learning the system.

Attempting to write spoken Japanese using Chinese characters was difficult, initially they would actually use Chinese characters stripped of their meaning to represent Japanese syllables. These were later simplified to become modern kana

Spoken Chinese itself evolved beyond the monosyllabic written Classical Chinese (which remained quite rigid), so for a long time, Chinese also wrote essentially in a different language from how they spoke. It was only fairly recently that vernacular Chinese began to be written (rather than Classical Chinese) with it’s polysyllabic words (most words in modern Chinese have 2 or more syllables, and require 2 or more characters to write, further distancing modern words from the original simple pictogram meanings)

So while the idea of some kind of universal abstract concept representation divorced from phonetics sounds intriguing, in practice it is a poor way to capture the complexity and nuance of spoken languages, and all languages (including Chinese) that attempted to adopt it ended up having to build various phonetic hints and workarounds to make the system actually useful and practical for writing.

Depends on the species

It’s the Infinite Improbability Drive though, not Probability, that makes no sense :)

+1 for MoCA

I switched from powerline to MoCA about 10 years ago, and it was a huge step up. Even though it’s half duplex, since MoCA version 2.5, there is enough total bandwidth available to sustain 1 Gbps in 2 directions simultaneously, so it is functionally almost equivalent to full duplex 1 gig Ethernet (except for few ms of extra latency)

Fun fact, California doesn’t mandate safety or roadworthiness inspections for personal vehicles at all - only emissions.

This was a bit of a surprise to me when I moved here, given CAs reputation.

To differentiate it from O - making 0 narrow is a common way to do that

Also, it’s the president of Slovakia, Peter Pellegrini…

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The #1 best show is Twin Peaks: The Return of course :)